Krizek, K. J. & P. J. Johnson. 2006. “Proximity to Trails and Retail: Effects on Urban Cycling and Walking.” Journal of the American Planning Association 72(1): 33-42.

This study used multivariate modeling techniques to estimate the effect of household proximity to retail and bicycle facilities on the odds of walking and cycling in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. We analyzed these relationships employing derailed GIS data and individual-level travel diary data. We found that distances co retail and bicycle facilities are statistically significant predictors of choosing active modes of transport at close distances, but the relationships do not appear to be linear.